LESSON 40/73


 LESSON FORTY FOUR



PRESENT PERFECT TENSE – III

O presente perfeito é também usado com as seguintes palavras:



► since (desde):          I have studied english since April.

► for (durante):         I have studied english for two years.

► Just (acabar de):   They have Just arrived from London.

►already (já):            They have already arrived.

                                    Have they already arrived?

► yet (já, ainda):        They haven’t arrived  yet.

                                    Have they arrived yet?



ELEMENTARY


I Supply since or for.


1 – We have lived there…………………
two years.


2 – We have lived
there……………….. last year.



3 – The bell has rung………………….
Half an hour.





II – Supply yet or already.



1 – I’ve………………….done my
exercises.



2 – She hasn’t answered the
question………….. .



3 – They’ve……………….. talked to
me.



INTERMEDIATE



I – Supply the Present Perfect
Tense of the verbs in parentheses.



1 – Karl ………………just……………
(arrive).



2 – I…………….. (wait) for you
for two hours .



3 – He. ……………….(attract)  me since I was a girl.





ADVANCED



I – Supply the correct verb
tense.



1-    He…………………. (sit) on that sofa three hours ago.



2-    I………………. (read) that book there times.



3-
The baby…….……….. (sleep) now.



 ========================================================


 LESSON FORTY
    FIVE




PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
CONTINOUS TENSE



Como se forma: presente perfeito do verbo to be +
particípio do verbo principal (forma –ing).



I have been studying

You have been studying

He has been studying

She has been studying

We have been studying

You have been studying

They have been studying



►Afirmativa:         They have been studying

► Negativa:           They have not been studying

► Interrogativa:  Have they been studying?



► O presente perfeito contínuo, assim
como o presente perfeito, é usado para expressar coes que começaram no passado e
continuam até  o presente, porém enfatiza
a continuidade das ações.

Ex.:  I’m very 
tired because  I’ve been working
since eight in the    morning.                                         



ELEMENTARY



I - Supply the Present Perfect
Continuous Tense of the verbs in parentheses.



1 – She………………… (work) in the
factory for many years.



2 – He……………….. (travel)  around the world.



3 – They………………….(look) for
you.





INTERMEDIATE



I – Put the sentences into the
Present Perfect Continuous Tense.



1 – Has she lived here for a
long time?

_________________________________________



2 – They have cried for two
hours.

_________________________________________



3 – We haven’t studied French
since February.

_________________________________________





ADVANCED



I – Supply the Present
Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous Tense of the verbs in parentheses.



1-    It…………………. (rain) hard for two days.



2-    I………………. (wait) 
for him since 4 o’clock.



3-
The children…….……….. (play) in the garden since this morning.





 ====================================================



 LESSON FORTY
      SIX 





PAST PERFECT TENSE




 

Como se forma: passado do verbo to have + particípio
  passado  principal:


 

I
  had studied

You
  had studied

He
  had studied

She
  had studied

We
  had studied

You
  had studied

They
  had studied




 

► Afirmativa:      They had Studied.

     Negativa:          They had not studied.

     Interrogative:   Had they studied?

             

► Formas  abreviada: 
  hadn’t (had not).





► O passado perfeito é usado para expressar uma ação
  que aconteceu antes de outra ação no passado.



Ex.: When I arrived, the
  teacher had spoken for an hour.



►O passado perfeito contínuo é formado
  pelo passado perfeito  do verbo to be +
  o particípio presente do verbo principal (forma –ing).



      
 
Ex.: When I arrived, the  teacher had been speaking for an hour.



ELEMENTARY



I - Supply the Past Perfect
  Tense of the verbs in parentheses.




1 – I dressed after I
  ………………… (wash).




2 – They ………………..  (do) nothing before they met me.



3 – I thanked him for what
  he …………………. (do).







 

INTERMEDIATE



I – Supply the Past Perfect
  Tense of the verbs in parentheses.




1 – She lost the book
  he_________________(give) her.




2 – He____________(paint)
  the house after he had bought it.




3 – I________(write) two
  letters before the secretary entered the room.



ADVANCED



I – Supply the Past Tense of
  the verbs in parentheses.




1-    They………. (drink) two beers
  before they ………(start) dinner.




2-    I…………. (sleep) for one hour
  when he……(knok) at the door.




3-   The girl…….……….. (ask) me
  what…………(happen).









 =========================================================






    LESSON FORTY
      SERVEN


 

RELATIVE PRONOUNS - I



►Os
  pronomes relativos introduzem orações subordinadas adjetivas (restritivas ou
  explicativas). Essas orações definem. Limitam ou acrescentam algo ao
  significado




► Who,
  whom e that (que, quem) são usados quando o antecedente for pessoa.

      Usa-se Who ou that quando o pronome é
  sujeito do verbo.

           Ex.:
  The girl Who arrived is beautiful. (people)

                  
  The girl that arrived is beautiful. (choose)


 
Personas! Neste  exemplo não se esqueçam de que Who (é para pessoas) that (é para coisas) e
  quando for testes (prova) de conhecimento gramatical (Grammar Focus) não use
  that para ambos.

► Usa-se
  Who, whom, that ou omite-se o pronome quando este é objeto do verbo.

Ex.:  The girl
  who I saw is beautiful.

The girl whom I saw is beautiful.

The girl that I saw is beautiful.

The girl I saw is beautiful.




►Quando a
  oração subordinada não for essencial para o significado do período:

a)   
 
Ela sempre vem entre vírgulas;

b)   
 
B) não se pode usar that;

c)    
 
Não se pode omitir o pronome.

     
 
Ex.: Mr. Allen. Who/whom you  saw yesterday, is a American citizen.
 




ELEMENTARY



I - Supply who and / or whom.



1 – The girl …………………read the pal of my hand was a
  gypsy.



2 – She is the person ……………he has invited.



3 – People ………………come from Europe are called
  European.






INTERMEDIATE



Choose the correct alternatives.



1 – The girl (who, whom, that, ---) is beside him is
  his daughter.




2 – The man (who, whom, that, ----) you showed me is
  my teacher.




3 – Where is the person (who, whom, that, ---) I was
  talking to are actresses.




 

ADVANCED



I – Supply all possible relative pronouns.



1-    Mrs. Brown,……….I very old, is
  studying nuclear radiation.




2-    Greg, ………we have just met, is a
  very kind man.




3-   That man
  is the doctor……… you are going to work with.





 ======================================================





 LESSON FORTY
    EIGHT





RELATIVE
PRONOUNS - II




►Usa-se
which ou that quando pronome é sujeito do verbo.

Ex.: the dog which entered the room is sick.

The dog that entered the room is sick.





► Use-se
which, that ou omite-se o pronome quando este é objeto do verbo.

Ex.:  The dog
which you saw is sick.

         The dog
that you saw is sick.

         The dog
you saw is sick.        

      

►Quando a oração subordinada não é
essencial para o significado do período:

a)   

Ela sempre vem entre vírgulas;

b)   

Não se pode usar that;

c)    

Não se pode omitir o pronome.


 

           Ex.:  Swimming, which I like very much, is a good
  sport. 

    


ELEMENTARY



I - Supply all possible relative pronouns.



1 – The book ………………you lent me is very interesting.



2 – The chair ……………is broken is in that room.



3 – The dogs………………entered the room are mine.





 INTERMEDIATE



Supply all possible relative pronouns.



1 – Smoking,……………is very popular, is a bad habit.



2 – Sally’s mother, …………we have just met, likes you
very much.




3 – Computers,……………..I have, may help us a lot.





ADVANCED



I – Combine the sentences. Supply a relative pronoun.



1-        

The car is in yourgarage. The car is stolen.

   _____________________________________



2-        

The house is inyour garden. The horse ate your lilies.

         
______________________________________



3-        

The San Diego Zoois in California. The books have disappeared.

__________________________________________





 =======================================================================






   


 LESSON FORTY
    NINE






RELATIVE PRONOUNS - III



►Whose (cujo
, cuja, cujos, cujas) indica posse, é usado com qualquer antecedente e não pode
ser omitido.

Ex.:  The boy
whose bicycle is broken is my friend.

        
Shakespeare, whose plays are famous, was an English author.






► That (que,
quem) é o único pronome relativo usado:

a)   

Quando há antecedentes diferentes.

Ex.:
The girl and the dog that I saw on the beach are at home now.

b)    Após superlativos e palavras como some, any, no,
everything, much, little, only, all.

Ex.:
He is the best doctor that I know.

         She is the only girl that loves you.

      

►Omissão: quando that for objeto do verbo, ele pode
ser omitido.



►Quando houver preposição antes do pronome relativo
usa-se whom (pessoa) ou which (coisa ou animal).

Ex.: The girl about whom you
are talking is my sister.

        The book about which you are talking is
expensive.




INTERMEDIATE



I – Combine the sentences using whose.

Ex.: That man is a good writer. His books are famous.

        That man
whose books are famous is a good writer.



1 – The woman is a careful mother. Hr baby is sleeping.

___________________________________



2 – The man is very sad. His wife has run away.

___________________________________



3 – Mr. Ford is here. His daughter is called Helen.

_________________________________







II - Supply all possible relative pronouns.



1 – He was speaking about the books and the writers………
he likes.




2 – The man no …………you gave the money has died.



3 – The table on ……………..you put your shoes cost 300
dollars.





 ===========================================================



    LESSON FIFTY





PREPOSITIONS
- III




►across:
através; do outro lado       


► along: ao
longo de                          

►below:
abaixo

►by:
por; ao lado de; por volta de    

►during:
durante                               


inside: dentro                              



near: perto


off: fora; à parte


outside: fora



over: acima; sobre

►until/
till: até

►upon
/ on: sobre





INTERMEDIATE



I – Complete the sentences with the following
prepositions.



                 
Across    -      by
-     along   -
below



1 – The little girl ran………the street because her
mother was on the opposite side.



2 – He saw the barbershop………….the street.



3 – They will arrive……….ten o´clock.



II – Complete the sentences with the following
prepositions:




1 – He was waiting for us……… the restaurant.



2 – There are many trees …………the new school.



3 – Keep ……………..the grass!





III – Complete the sentences with the following
prepositions:

             
until      -     over 
-     outside       -
upon

     



1 – There was a
sign ……. The inn door.

2 – I will be
absent…… January.

3 – She was
standing…….. the door in the rain.





ADVANCED



Supply the correct prepositions.



1 – You shouldn’t smoke……. gasoline.

2 -   He placed
his hat……… his head.

3 –  we should
be back………ten.





 ============================================================



 LESSON FIFTY
    ONE



FUTURE
PERFECT TENSE




► Como se
forma: futuro do verbo to have (Will have) + particípio passado do verbo
principal.



I Will have studied

You Will have studied

He will have studied

She will have studied

We will have studied

You will have studied

They will have studied

                                   


 


  Afirmativa:     They Will have studied.

     Negativa:         They will not have studied.

     Interrogativa:   Will they have studied?



► Forma abreviada: won’t  (Will not).



►O futuro perfeito é usado para
  expressar uma ação que terá terminado num determinado  momento no futuro.

Ex.:
  In December I Will have finished my English course.



ELEMENTARY



I – Put the sentences into the interrogative form.



1 – The plane will have landed by 4 o’clock.

     
__________________________________

2 – They will have met her tomorrow at this time.

      
__________________________________

3 – She will have been in this town for two years next
June.

     
___________________________________

II – Put the sentences from exercise I into the
negative form.



1 -
------------------------------------------------------------------.

2 -
------------------------------------------------------------------.

3 -
------------------------------------------------------------------.

INTERMEDIATE



I – Choose the correct alternative.



1 – When mother comers, I will (cleaned, have cleaned)
my room.



2 – By midnight they (will be finished, will have
finished) their homework.



3 – She (will have written, has written) the letter
tomorrow morning.





II – Complete the sentences with the following
prepositions:




1 – He was waiting for us……… the restaurant.



2 – There are many trees …………the new school.



3 – Keep ……………..the grass!



ADVANCED



Combine the sentences using the expression by the
time.

        
Ex.:  Lucy will leave for Chicago
at. Jim will arrive at 6.

                 
By the time Jim arrives, Lucy will have left for Chicago.





1 – The rain will stop in a few minutes. Bob will come
in an hour.

      
------------------------------------------------------------------------.



2 - I will read my book tomorrow. The teacher will
give the rest next week.

      
------------------------------------------------------------------------.



3 – You will fix my radio in the morning. I’ll get
home by noon.

       -------------------------------------------------------------------------.



========================================================




 LESSON FIFTY
    TWO





CONDITIONAL
TENSES



► Como se
forma: world + verbo principal sem to.




 


  Afirmativa:      She would + go to the
  movies.

     Negativa:         She would go to the movies.

     Interrogativa:  Would she go to the movies?




  Forma abreviada: wouldn’t (would not).



Condicional perfeito

►Como se forma: would have +
  particípio passado do verbo principal.


  Afirmativa:     She would have gone to
  the movies.

     Negativa:        She would not have gone to the
  movies.

     Interrogativa:  Would she have gone to the movies?


  Forma abreviada:  wouldn’t (would not).




ELEMENTARY



I –  Put
sentences 1 to 3 into the negative and sentences 4 to 6 into the interrogative
form.



1 – They would have punished you.

     
__________________________________

2 – You would see me.

      
__________________________________

3 – She would work hard.

     
___________________________________



4 – I would have found the book.

     
------------------------------------------------------.

5-   She would
go to Mexico.

     
------------------------------------------------------.

6 – I would have gone shopping with you.

     
-------------------------------------------------------.





INTERMEDIATE



I – Supply the simple conditional tense of the verbs
in parentheses.



1 – I …………… (sing) that song.



2 – They ……………… (call) me in the morning.



3 – Sally……………….. (take) the wrong bus.





II – supply the conditional perfect tense of the verbs
in parentheses.




1 – She………… (write) that letter.



2 – They ………… (build) a new house.



3 – Tom …………….. (study) hard.





ADVANCED



Complete the sentences. Use the following verb forms.

cook                
write               play

have spent      
have given      have gone  



1 – I would………………………..dinner tonight.



2 - We would…………………….mother a present.



3 – I would……………………….my vacation in Europe.



 ====================================================


     LESSON FIFTY
    THREE




CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES - I



►A oração
condicional expressa uma condição e sempre aparece ligada a uma oração
principal.




 

As orações condicionais podem expressar:

a)     Condição provável, usando o presente simples e o
  futuro simples.

Ex.:  IF she has money, she will go to the
  movies.

b)    Condição improvável, usando o passado simples e o
  condicional simples.

Ex.: If she had
  money, she would go to the movies.

c)     Condição impossível, usando o passado perfeito e o
  condicional perfeito.

Ex.:  If she had had money, she
  would have gone to the movies.




ELEMENTARY



I – Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses



1 – If he……… (call), I 
will speak with him.

2 – If you ………….. (study) hard, you will pass your
examination.

3 – If I find your money, I…………… (give) it to you.



II - Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses.



1 – Would buy a car if I ……….. (know) how to drive .

2 -  We …………(go)
to the beach if we hadn’t do much work to do.

3 – If I……….. (have) money, I would travel abroad.



III - Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses.



1 – If it had rained, you…. ……….. (have) a bad time at
the beach

2 -  If he
…………(arrive), he would have looked for you.


3 –They would have answered your question if they ……..
(know) the answer.



INTERMEDIATE



I – Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses.



1 – If the weather is fin, we …………… (go) to the
mountains.



2 – They ……………… (learn) the lesson if they had paid
attention.



3 – If they……………….. (ask) me, I will tell the truth.





 ADVANCED



Match the columns.



1 – He will help us            (  
) we will buy a pizza.



2 – I would study today   (   )
he would approve the project.



3 – If the police comes,    (   
) if you had looked for it.





 ============================================================

 LESSON FIFTY
    FOUR



CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES – II



Casos
especiais:



O verbo to be no passado tem a forma were para todas
as pessoas quando aprece em orações condicionais.

 Ex.:  I wouldn’t go out tonight If I were you.   




 

► Quando se deseja expressar verdades
  universais ou lei naturais, os verbos das
  duas orações  podem aparecer no
  presente simples.

Ex.:
  Metals expand If you heat them.



► Pode-se usar o presente simples com
  o imperativo.

Ex.:
  If you have any problem, call me.



► Quando na frase houver had ou were,
  pode-se omitir o IF fazendo-se a inversão do verbo com o sujeito.

Ex.:
  If John had arrived early, He would have seen the show.

        Had John arrived early, he would have
  seen the show.

        If I were rich, I would buy her a
  present.

       Were I rich, I would buy her a
  present.



► Unless (se não;  a menos que ) pode ser usado em lugar de IF
  not.

Ex.:
  Bill won’t come to the party IF you don’t invite him.

        Bill won’t come to the party unless
  you invite him.












ELEMENTARY



I – Supply the correct form of the verbs to be.



1 – I would go to the party if Mary…………there.

2 – If he ………….. alive, he would like to know you.

3 – He wouldn’t come here if he…..………late.



II – Transform the sentences omitting if.



1 – If they had gone out, they would have caught a
cold.

     
______________________________________.



2-   If he were
present, he would agree with  you.

     
______________________________________.



3 – He wouldn’t come here if he…………. late.

     
______________________________________.





III - Supply unless or if.



1 – You mustn’t go out …. ………..I tell you to.

2 - ………… he doesn’t pay me, I will call my
lawyer. 

3 –Don’t go there………………he doesn’t come on time.





IV – supply the simple present tense of the verb in
parentheses.



1 – People……… (die) if they don’t breath.

2 – Wood………. (float) if you put it in water.

3 – If dogs are frightened, they ………..(bark).





V – Supply the imperative of the verbs in parentheses.



1 – If you don’t know the answers, …………….(ask) me.

2 - ……….. (call) me if Jane arrives late.

3 – If John is upset,…………………. (not talk) to him.



======================================================== 



 LESSON FIFTY
    FIVE



CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – III




 

                  NO HAVE EXEMPLES - OKAY MY
  DEAR!




INTERMEDIATE



The sentences below express probable condition.
Rewrite sentences 1 to 3 so as to express improbable, and sentences 4 to 6 so
as to express impossible condition.





1 – I will leave the room if he arrives.

     
______________________________________.



2 - If they invite me, I will go with them.

     
______________________________________.



3 – If they buy that car, they will spend all their
money.

     
______________________________________.



4 – He will punish her if she disobeys him.

     
______________________________________.



5 – If we see her, we will kiss her.

     
_____________________________________.



6 – If you turn off the lights, we won’t see anything.

     
_____________________________________.







ADVANCED



I – Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses in order to express probable condition.



1 – I ………….. (tell) you if I………….. (need) help.

2 – If she ………….. (live) downtown, I …………….(visit) her
this evening.

3 – If he …………. (know) English, he……….. (have) no
trouble in finding a job.



II – Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses.



1 – He would have seen her if he……………. (wait).

2 – If I ………… (be) you, I would not do it.

3 – They…………. (give) him the message if  they had seen him.



 ===========================================================



 LESSON FIFTY
    SIX




ANOMALOUS VERBS - I



► Os verbos em inglês são classificados em:

a)     regulares: formam o passado e o particípio passado com
–ed.

b)    irregulares: Têm formas próprias para o passado e o
particípio passado.

c)     Anômalos.

►Características gerais dos
verbos anômalos:

a)     não têm 
conjugação regular ou completa;

b)    não têm 
infinitivo;

c)     não recebem –s ou –es na 3ª pessoa do singular no
presente;

d)    são seguidos de infinitivo sem to;

e)     geralmente formam suas próprias interrogativas e
negativas.




 

MAY



►Afirmativa:      I may go.

    Negativa:         I may not go.

    Interrogativa:   May I go?

►Expressa:

a)    
 
Permissão:       May I come in ?

b)   
 
Possibilidade: It may rain tonight.



MIGHT



► Afirmativa:     I might go.

     Negativa:       I might not go.

      Interrogativa:      Might I go?



►Expressa:

a)    
 
Permissão mais formal:      Might I come in?

b)               
 
Possibilidade mais remota: It might rain tonight.




ELEMENTARY



I – Rewrite the sentences using may. The resulting
sentences will express possibility or permission.



Ex.:

        I am
going with you.

        I may go
with you.



1 – He’s trying to explain it to her.

     
_______________________________.



2 – It’ll rain tomorrow.

      _______________________________.



3 – she’s playing tennis in the afternoon.

     
_______________________________.



II – rewrite the sentences using might. The resulting
sentences will express weaker possibility.

Ex.:  I am going
with you.

                  I might go with you.



1 – We will stay in Chicago.

____________________________________.

2 – The next lesson is hard.

____________________________________.

3 – There is someone in the garden.

____________________________________.



INTERMEDIATE



Write questions asking permission. Use may. Then
answer the questions in both affirmative and negative forms.

Ex.:  go to the
club

                 
May I go to the club?

                 
Yew, you may/no, you may not.



1 – Drive your car.

     
_____________________________________?

     
_____________________________________.



2 - Ask you a question

     
______________________________________?

     
______________________________________.



3 – Help you.

     
______________________________________?

      ______________________________________.



4 – He will punish her if she disobeys him.

     
______________________________________.



5 – If we see her, we will kiss her.

     
_____________________________________.



6 – If you turn off the lights, we won’t see anything.

     
_____________________________________.





ADVANCED



I – Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses in order to express probable condition.



1 – I ………….. (tell) you if I…………..(need) help.

2 – If she ………….. (live) downtown, I …………….(visit) her
this evening.

3 – If he …………. (know) English, he……….. (have) no
trouble in finding a job.



II – Supply the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses.



1 – He would have seen her if he…………….(wait).

2 – If I ………… (be) you, I would not do it.

3 – They…………. (give) him the message if  they had seen him.



========================================================= 




 LESSON FIFTY
    SERVEN




ANOMALOUS VERBS - II



         CAN

►Afirmativa:      I can play.

    Negativa:         I cannot play. (can’t)

    Interrogativa:   Can I play?

Expressa:

a)    

Capacidade: She can swim.

b)   

Permissão/ possibilidade: You can  leave now.

        

COULD    

►Afirmativa:      I could play.

    Negativa:         I could not play. (Couldn’t)

    Interrogativa:   Could I play?

Expressa:

a)    

Capacidade: She could swim years ago.

b)   

Permissão / possibilidade: You could leave five minutesago.



► Can e could são usados nos
tempos presente, passado, futuro e condicional e podem ser  substituídos por to be able to.



MUST

►Afirmativa:      I must play.

    Negativa:         I must not play. (mustn’t)

   
Interrogativa:   Must I play?



Expressa:

a)    

Obrigação: Everybody must pay his bills.

b)   

Dedução: you are pale. You must be sick.

c)    

Proibição: You mustn’t smoke here.

d)   

Conselho: You must see that play.





ELEMENTARY



I – Rewrite the
sentences using can. The resulting sentences will express ability, possibility
or permission.



Example:

        I am going with you.

        I can go with you.

1 – He speaks
English.

      _______________________________.



2 – We have a good
time here.

      _______________________________.



3 – I walk to
school in the morning.

      _______________________________.



II – Put sentences
1 to 3 into the interrogative and 4 to 6 into the negative form.



1 – We can leave
for dinner.

      ____________________________________.

2 – The y could
work together.

      ____________________________________.

3 – She must study
hard.

     
____________________________________.



INTERMEDIATE



I - Write sentences
using to be able to in the correct form.

Ex.:    Swim tomorrow

He will be
able to
swim tomorrow.



1 – Read that
letter yesterday.

      _____________________________________.



2- Come today.

      ______________________________________.



3 – Travel next
year

      ______________________________________.





II – Rewrite the
sentences using to have to in the correct form. The resulting sentences will
express the same

as the sentences with must: obligation, advice, deduction or
prohibition.

Ex.:  We study Portuguese every day.

                            We have to study
Portuguese every day.



1 – I read that
book today.

      __________________________________.



2 – He will travel
next month.



      __________________________________.





3 – We went home by
car yesterday.



      __________________________________.





 ============================================================



 LESSON FIFTY
    EIGHT




ANOMALOUS VERBS – III



         OUGHT
TO

►Afirmativa:      I ought to go.

    Negativa:         I ought not to go. (oughtn’t)

    Interrogativa:   Ought I to go?

Expressa:

c)    

Conselho:  Youought to visit your grandmother.

d)   

Dever:  Youought to do your homework.



Ought to e should são usados nos tempos
presente, passado e futuro.     



SHOULD  

►Afirmativa:      I should go.

    Negativa:         I should not go. (shouldn’t)

    Interrogativa:   Should I go?

Expressa:

c)    

Conselho: You should visit you grandmother.

d)   

Dever: You should do your homework.



► Ought to e should são
usados nos tempos presente, passado e futuro..



USED
TO

►Afirmativa:      He used to swim.

    Negativa:         He didn’t use to swim.

    Interrogativa:   Did He use to swim?



►Used to expressa um hábito
passado.



►To be used to:
estar acostumado a

     Ex.: He is used to swimming in the morning.





ELEMENTARY



I –Write sentences
1 to 3 using ought to and sentences 4 to 8 using should. The resulting
sentences will express obligation or advice.



Example:  study

        You ought to study. / You should study.

1 – make a cake.

      _______________________________.



2 – cook dinner.

      _______________________________.



3 – not clean the
room.

      _______________________________.

4 – talk to him.

      _______________________________.

5 – not help her.

      _______________________________.

6 – go to a doctor.

      _______________________________.



II – Rewrite these
sentences using used to. The resulting sentences will express habitual past
actions.



1 – We went to
Times Square.

      ____________________________________.

2 – He reads a lot.

      ____________________________________.

3 – I had a dog.

     
____________________________________.



INTERMEDIATE



I – Put these
sentences into the interrogative and negative forms.



1 – He used to tell
me stories.

      _____________________________________.



2- You ought to go
with us.

      ______________________________________.



3 – I should have
lunch with him.



 =====================================================




    LESSON FIFTY
    NINE



INTERROGATIVES  

         


What is his occupation? He is a teacher.



►When
did He arrive? He arrived yesterday.



►Where
did you live? I live in Goiania.



►Why are you say?  Because I am
hungry.



►Who is that girl?
That’s Mary.



►Which of these
books do you like Best? I like the red one.



►Whose dress is
that? It’s Mary’s.



► How are you? I’m
fine.



                            

► Expressões
formadas com how:

How many...   
how long.....    how deep...

How much...    
how far...        how often...

How old...         how tall...       how big...   



ELEMENTARY



I –Supply the
correct interrogative.



1 – ……….. is your
sister? She’s fine, thanks.



2 – ………..did you
see? I saw Mary.



3 – ………..is she
tired? Because she has worked a lot.



INTERMEDIATE



Ask questions.

Ex.:  He is in the garden.

        Where is he?



1 – She is reading
a letter.

      _____________________________________.



2- I went to the
club yesterday.

      ______________________________________.



3 – That girl is my
sister.

      ______________________________________.







ADVANCED



Supply the correct
interrogatives.



1 - …………..brothers
do you have? I have two brothers.

2 - …………..does it
take you to go to school? I t takes me 5 minutes.

3 - …………..is the
river? It is 10 meters deep.





======================================================




 LESSON SIXTY



TAG
ENDINGS – I     

         

► Tag endings são pequenas perguntas
colocadas ao final das orações, para pedir uma informação ou confirmação do que
foi dito.



►Após uma oração afirmativa, usa-se o
tag ending negativo.

         Ex.:    Mary is working, isn’t she?

                   Paulo will come, won’t he?

                   They work in the morning,
don’t they?

                   Bob plays the piano, doesn’t
he?

                   Mary talked to you, didn’t
he?



►Características gerais do tag ending:

a)     Vem sempre após uma vírgula;

b)    é sempre formado por um verbo auxiliar ou anômalo e um
pronome;

c)     a forma negativa aparece sempre abreviada.





ELEMENTARY



I –Supply the
correct tag endings.



1 – He is sleeping
now,…………..?



2 – They are going
to work tomorrow,………..?



3 – Bob arrived
late,……………..?





II – Supply the
correct tag endings.



1 – It might
rain,……………?

2- The firemen
broke the door down, ………..?

3 – You could have
arrived earlier,………..?





 ======================================================




  LESSON SIXTY
    ONE



TAG
ENDINGS – II    

         

► Quando a oração for negativa, o tag
ending será afirmativo.

         Ex.: Mary isn’t
working, is she?

                
Paul won’t come, will he?

                
They don’t work in the morning, do they?

                
Bob doesn’t play the piano, does he?

                  Mary didn’t talk to you, did
she?     



►Casos
especiais:

         1 – I AM very late,   aren’t
I ? /  am I not ?

         2 – Let’s go home now, shall we?

         3 – Open the window, will you ?

         4 – She may go now, may she not?





ELEMENTARY



I –Supply the correct tag endings.



1 – She isn’t your
mother,…………..?



2 – They aren’t
studying,………..?



3 – I am your
friend,,……………..?





II – Supply the
correct tag endings.



1 – You don’t
believe her,……………?

     

3-   

The children aren’t looking for Jack, ………..?



4 – The players
shouldn’t shout so much,………..?




=======================================================




      LESSON SIXTY
    TWO







PASSIVE
VOICE - I   

         

► Como se forma: verbo to be (no tempo
adequado) + particípio passado do verbo principal.

         Ex.: Jane writes a
letter.    -  ->
A letter is written by Jane.

                  Jane wrote a letter.     - 
->   A letter was written by
Jane.

►Tempo
verbal:




 

Tempo
  verbal

 

Voz
  ativa

 

Voz
  passiva


 



Presente
  continuo

Passado
  continuo Going to                

Futuro
  simples

Futuro
  continuo  

Presente
  simples

Passado
  simples

Presente
  perfeito

Presente
  perfeito    

Condicional
  simples

Condicional
  perfeito

Can 



 



is reading           

was reading

 is going to read 

 will read              will be reading    reads    
 

read

has read

had read              would read

would have    

can read           

 



s being read

was being read

is going to be  read

will be real

will be being read 

is read

was read

has been read

had been read

would be read

would have been read can be
  read








ELEMENTARY



I –Supply the correct form of the verbs in the
Passive Voice
.

1 – He writes many
letters every day.

      Many letters……………….by the boys.

   

2 – The boys have
finished the report.

      The report………………..by the boys.



3 – She will read
the message.

      The message ………….. by her.





 =========================================================




 LESSON SIXTY
    THREE




PASSIVE VOICE - II  

         

►O objeto da voz ativa torna-se sujeito
na voz passiva.

►O sujeito torna-se agente da passiva.

► O 
agente da passiva vem sempre precedido por  by ou, então, pode ser omitido.

     

Ex.:  Jane is reading the book;

               The book is being read (by Jane).



► Quando o verbo na voz ativa tiver
dois objetos, qualquer um deles pode ser o sujeito da passava.

     

Ex.:John told me a story. -  A story was told
to me (by John).

                                                 
-  I was told a story (by John).       



ELEMENTARY



I –Put these sentences into the Passive Voice.



1 – We followed the
leader.

      _________________________________.

   

2 – The children
have lost new doghouse.

      ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________________________________.



3 – Justice punishes
crimes.

      _________________________________.



INTERMEDIATE




Put these sentences into the Passive Voice.



1 – She tells us
stories every night.

_________________________________.

2 – He explained
the theory to us.

_________________________________.

3 - Donald will
send a card to Betty.

_________________________________.



  

ADVANCED



Put these sentences into the Active Voice.



1 – The Japanese
lamp was broken by the girls.

_____________________________________.

2 - Information is
stored by computers.

_____________________________________.

3 - The letters
were sent by Karl.

_____________________________________.



 ====================================================



    LESSON SIXTY
    FOUR



PREPOSITIONS – IV




 

beside: so lado de; junto a

besides: além de; em adição a       

beyond:
  além de; mais longe que   

but:  exceto                             

despite:
  apesar de, não obstante               

down: para baixo; abaixo         

like: 
  como

throughout: através, durante

towards: em direção a

with:
  com

within:
  dentro de

without:
  sem 




INTERMEDIATE



I – Supply beside,
besides, beyond or but
.



     1 – He is sitting………………Alice.

     2 – Two girls won prizes…………us.

     3 - Te bad man is…………salvation.



II – Supply despite, down, like or towards.



       1 – Your house is
just…………… mine.

       2 – We climbed……………the hill and rested
in the valley.

       3 - I want a car……………yours.



III – Supply throughout,
with , within or without
.



        1 – you cannot
write…………..this pen.

        2 – I’m going to ravel…………my mother.

        3 - you can’t leave……………money.        





ADVANCED



Supply the appropriate prepositions.



1 – The director
will arrive…………… an hour.

2 - This road
leads……………….the sea.

3 - He is
sitting………………Helen.



 =====================================================






    LESSON SIXTY FIVE



DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH – I

        

► Há duas formas de se relatar o que
alguém disse: pelo discurso direto, quando repetimos o que foi dito usando as
mesmas palavras da pessoa, e pelo discurso indireto, quando contamos com nossas
próprias palavras o que foi dito.

         Ex.: John Said, “I
work every Day.” (discurso direto)

                John said that He worked every Day. (discurso indireto)

► Observe as mudanças mais freqüentes:

        


 

Discurso
  direto

 

Discurso
  indireto


 



He Said, “I have a test
  today.”   
®  

He said, “ I worked
  yesterday.” 
®  

He said, “I’ll work
  tomorrow.”   
®   

He said, “I’m working
  now.”      
®   

He said, “I was working               ®   

 5 minute ago.

He said, “ I have lived
  here.”      
®

He said, “I can work.”                  ®

 



He said that he had a test
  that day.

He said that he had worked
  the day before.

He said that he would work
  the next day.

He said that he was working
  then.

He said that he had been working 5 minutes before.

He said that he had lived
  there.

He said that he could work.


INTERMEDIATE



Put these sentences into the Indirect Speech.



1 – He said, “I feel well today.”

______________________________________________



2 – She said, “The girls are in the garden.”

______________________________________________



3 – Mary sad, “The boys are playing chess now.”


=====================================================



              LESSON SIXTY
    SIX


DIRECT
AND INDIRECT SPEECH – II

        

► Quando se relata uma ordem, usa-se o
infinitivo.



Ex.: He said, “Open the
  door.”
®H e
 

¨told me

¨asked me


to open the door.

      



He said “Don’t open the
  door.”
®He
 

¨told me

¨asked me


not to open the door.


►Quando se relata uma pergunta,
colocar-se a frase na forma afirmativa e observam-se as mesmas transformações
feitas com as frases afirmativas (lição 65).

Ex>; He Said, “Where is
Paul?”
®   He asked where Paul was.

          He said, “Is Paul here?”    ®    He asked if
Paul was there.

Nota:
Pode-se usar
whether no lugar de if.



►Would,
could, should, must e might não mudam de forma.

Ex.:
He said, “could go.”
® He said that hecould go.



►Say é usado sem objeto indireto ou com
objeto indireto precedido de “to”.

    No discurso indireto, tell é usado com
objeto indireto não precedido de “to”. 

         Ex.:
John Said, “I Love Mary.”       
®John said that he loved Mary.

                 John said to
Mary, “I love you.”
® John told Mary that he loved her.

                  

ELEMENTARY



Put these sentences into the Indirect Speech.
Introduce them using told in sentences 1 to 3 and He said that in sentences 4
to 6.



1 – Johan said to Mary, “I hate you.”

_______________________________________



2 – I said to the porter, “I am Mr. Spencer.”

_______________________________________



3 – He said to Jane, “I am always here on Fridays.”

_______________________________________



4 - “I must go to the library before it closes.”

____________________________________



5 – “Nobody could paint a picture as well as you.”

____________________________________



6 – “You should leave the country at once.”

____________________________________



INTERMEDIATE



Put these sentences into the Indirect Speech using the
verbs indicated.



1 – “Sit down!” (he asked)

_______________________________________________

2 – “Come here!“ (they ordered)

_______________________________________________

3 – “Don’t run
away!” (she told)

_______________________________________________



ADVANCED

Put these sentences into the Indirect Speech.
Introduce them using HE/SHE asked me in sentences 1 a 3 HE/SHE  wanted to know in sentences 4 to 6.

1 – “What are you
doing?”

____________________________________

2 - “Do you play
the piano?”

____________________________________

3 - “How did you go
to school?”



=======================================================





      LESSON SIXTY
    SERVEN



DIRECT
AND INDIRECT SPEECH – III

     ( No have exemple)



        

ADVANCED



Put these sentences into the Indirect Speech.



1 – She said to me,
“Can you draw a horse?”

____________________________________

2 – Frank said to
us, “Why are you digging this hole in the garden?”

____________________________________

3 – My neighbor
said, “My flowers didn’t grow as much as yours.”

____________________________________


 ============================================================

    LESSON SIXTY
    EIGHT



CAUSATIVE
USE OF HAVE



►Para indicar uma ação realizada pro
alguém a nosso pedido ou em nosso favor, usamos uma forma apropriada do verbo
to HAVE ou to GET e o particípio passado do verbo principal.

         Ex.:  I often have my car washed.

                           I often get my car washed.

                 
He had this house painted.

                 
He got his house painted.

                 
We will have our hair cult tomorrow.

                   We will get our hair cut
tomorrow.  

ELEMENTARY



Check A if the subject performed the action and B when
someone else did it.

1 – She cleans her room every day. (   )

2 – I took a picture yesterday.  (    )

3 – Judy was making her dress. (    )



INTERMEDIATE



Transform the sentences using causative have.



1 – They are washing their car now.

______________________________________________



2 – I have brushed my hair.

______________________________________________

3 – I’ll publish my poems some day.

______________________________________________

ADVANCED



Write sentences.



Example: Cindy/ mail / the letters / tomorrow.

Cindy will have the letters mailed tomorrow.





1 – I? just press? My clothes

_____________________________________________





2 – Bob? pull? two teeth? Next week

_____________________________________________



3 – Doris? do? The dishes? every day

____________________________________________



 ========================================================= 



     LESSON SIXTY
    NINE


IT
TAKES





►Usa-se it takes para expressar o
período de tempo que se leva para realizar uma ação.



         Ex.:  It takes me 20 minutes to GO from home to
school.

                  It took him
one hour to write the letter.

                  It will take
us 30 minutes to clean our room.

                   



ELEMENTARY



Rewrite the sentences using it takes, it took or it
will take.

 Example: He
goes to school in 10 minutes.

                   
It takes him 10 minutes to go to school.

       

1 – I recovered from my cold in a week.

_______________________________________

2 – She went to work in 45 minutes.

_______________________________________

3 – You’ll reach him in 20 minutes.

_______________________________________





INTERMEDIATE



Answer these questions.



1 – How long does it take her to write a report? (30
minutes)

______________________________________________



2 – How long does it take you to clean the house? (one
day)

______________________________________________



3 – How long will it take you to go to Rome?  (7 hours)

______________________________________________



=============================================== 




    LESSON SEVENTY
   





GERUND





►O gerúndio é uma forma verbal
caracterizada pela terminação –ing e funciona como substantivo.

         Ex.:  Swimming is good to our body



►O gerúndio também é usado:

a)      Após preposições.

Ex.: She is tired
of working.

b)      Após os verbos come e go (quando indicarem atividade
física).

Ex.: Let’s GO shopping.

c)     

Após os verbos: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider,continue, delay, detest, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind,
miss, practice, resist, suggest, stop, try e understand.

Ex.: He admitted
being wrong.



►Assim
como o gerúndio, o particípio presente também é caracterizado pela terminação
–ing. O particípio presente é usado para formar tempos contínuos.

          Ex.: He is playing the guitar now.





ELEMENTARY



I – Supply the gerund form of the verbs in
parentheses.

        

1 – The man admitted……………………(steal) the jewelry.

2 – She is very fond of ………………….(swim).

3 – They would appreciate………………(hear) from you.





II – Supply the gerund form of the verb in
parentheses.

1 – She couldn’t avoid……………..(look) at him during the concert.

2 – They’re thinking about……….. (go) to the mountains
next month.

3 – She began to cry after……….(hear) the news.





 =====================================================




        LESSON SEVENTY
    ONE


 





INFINITIVE



► O infinitivo é a forma original do
verbo  e pode aparecer com ou sem a
partícula to.

        

►Usa-se o infinitivo sem to:

d)     Após os verbos anômalos, os verbos auxiliares do e
Will e os verbos make e let.

Ex.: I can swim.

        Do you like coffee?

        Let me go.                       

e)      Após as conjunções but e except.

Ex.: I will do
nothing but cry.



►Usa-se
o infinitivo com to:

a)    

Após os verbos tell, invite, teach, remind, wish,desire, want.

          Ex.: I want to go home.

                   He told me to stop.

b)   

Após as palavras too, enough, the first, the second,the last, the only.

Ex.: We are too
young to die.

          I was the first one to arrive

c)    

Após adjetivos.

Ex.: This exercise
is difficult to do.





►►Atenção! O verbo help aceita infinitivo com ou sem
to.

    Ex.: They helped us
do our homework.

            They helped us to do our homework.



INTERMEDIATE



I – Supply the infinitive with or without to.

       

1 – Let’s…………………… (dance), shall we?

2 – It’s hard ………………….(study) all day.

3 – I’ll do anything for you but………………(wash) your car.



II – Supply the infinitive with or without to.



1 – It is wrong………………… (treat) animals cruelly.

2 – Please, let me …………….. (study) here.

3 – I made him…………. (answer) the letter.



=




             =========================================================

            

                LESSON SEVENTY  TWO




  

INFINITEVE
AND GERUND





► Os verbos feel, hear, notice,
observe, see, watch podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de infinitivo sem to.

           Ex.: They watched the birds
flying.

                  They watched the bids fly.

        

►Verbos que podem ser seguidos de
gerúndio ou de infinitivo com to:




 

advise

 

forget

 

permit


 

allow

 

hate

 

prefer


 

attempt

 

intend

 

remember


 

begin

 

like

 

start


 

continue

 

love

 

stop


 

dislike

 

neglect

 

try


 

Ex.: I hate getting up
  early.

I hate to get up early.



►Os
  verbos advise, permit e allow, acompanhados de objeto direto, são seguidos do
  infinitivo com to. Não havendo objeto direto, esses verbos são seguidos
  apenas de gerúndio.

Ex.: He allowed us to smoke.

        He allowed us smoking.



►Observe o verbo stop:

     They stopped to talk. (Eles pararam para
  conversar.)

     They stopped talking. (Eles pararam de
  conversar.)



INTERMEDIATE



Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in
parentheses.



1 – I  heard
you………………….(sing.)



2 – We observed the bird…………………(make) is nest.

3 -  They
started……………….(look) for the criminal.


ADVANCED



Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in
parentheses.



1 – They had a bath before……………………….(go) to school.

2 – It’s hard…………………..(study) all day.

3 – We heard the baby……………….(cry).




==========================================================




73 - LESSON SEVENTY
    THREE



WOULD RATHER / HAD BETTER






Would rather (‘d rather) expressa preferência.

     Ex.: I’m tired. I would rather take a taxi
than walk home.

        

►Had
better (‘d better) expressa conselho.

     Ex.: You look  sick. You had better see a doctor.




ELEMENTARY



Supply would rather or had better.



1 – I ………………….eat in a restaurant than at home.

2 – He…………………rest a while. He’s been working for five
hours.

3 - 
You……………….go to the dentist immediately.



INTERMEDIATE



I – Transform these sentences in order to introduce
would rather or had better.

       

1 – It will be better if you take an umbrella.

____________________________________

2 – She prefers to go by car. She doesn’t like to
walk.

____________________________________

3 – It will be better if I go home now. It’s very
late.

____________________________________



II – Supply the correct tag ending.



1 – You’d rather spend the winter in the
mountains,……………..?

2 – The doctor’d rather examine him in this
office,………………?

3 – She’d better see him after lunch,……………………..?



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.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         



Attention People!




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library to my plan this did write by Eduardo Amos and Elisabeth Prescher then
this is simplified Grammar Book. Editora Moderna -1978.   (Pessoas this well to add my instruction
advanced with book passages Cambridge university press by Jack.Richards &
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People,
good luck!





Observe os diferentes tempos
das palavras (word in English always) sempre que puder tanto como nas expressoes
bem como, na lei das ações e do movimento.



          Really  is a word that have
the meaning of the “realmente (? ! .)” so this have a expression when you talk
Really? Efaticamente, estressa, persiste no son.

          really? (é verdade?) this true? (é
mesmo?) r.: I really mean that. (de verdade). Is it really true? (de verdade?)  yes! (expressa surpresa, interesse, dúvida,
etc.)

You can play baseball really well. (muito bem)

Do you really
play
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Para conhecer mais - videos

Veja os vídeos seguintes para conhecer mais sobre os tempos verbais estudados.

Present to be:

http://inglesvip.tripod.com/gramatica/tobe_presente.htm

Present Continuous:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RYdMEDfRdU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rQqdSagoOU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcWFBjANh_M

Simple Present:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiXAWq852Ts

Sons english X português

Sons:

English - Português EI - A

EE. - E

AI - I

OU. - O

IU. - U

0,1 - 2,3... consoante fica em português o som e de zero(0) a uma(1) fica o som português. Word

E m a i l E. M. A. I. L

Quantas vogais - 3 = e, a, i

Quantas consoantes - 2 = M, L

Logo

Ler em português

O que faz o som se torna ei ou...

E a quantidade de consoantes entre eles (vogais)

E. M. A. I. L - tem:

ee M ei ai L. o 'ai'. Se torna nulo i (ai) de traz para frente perde o som e volta para 'i' ou afetado pelo som seguinte i. de ei. = ei:

Sons = se lê. ( imei:l )

(1). , (0) n° de consoante entre vogais entre as vogais I e A e E Observe que entre 'I' e 'A' tem zero (0) consoante e entre 'I' para o 'A' o som 'ai' se torna nulo permanecendo o som do 'ei' = 'ei:' Entre A e E tem uma (1) consoante ficando o som de com extensão = 'ee' - 'i:'

Por por regra : observe que o som das vogais sera afetado dependendo do numero de consoantes entre as vogais pulando de traz para a frente podendo ser anulado o primeiro som.

Twitter = 2 vogais entre 2 consoantes

T. W. I. T. T. E. R

2. Então o 'i' ser afetado porque o que antecede o som são 2 consoantes (se 2 consoantes ou mais fica o som em português ) = i2 ver tabela sempre. Por regra : Se ficar na segunda com 2 ou mais consoante permanece o som da letra em português. De zero(0) a uma (1) consoante fica o som em english.

Assista o video com explicação na web abaixo: http://www.sbt.com.br/ratinho/

LEMBRETE

PESSOAS AQUI VALE UMA LEMBRANÇA - ABAIXO DAS MUSICAS ESTÃO TODOS OS ARQUIVOS DAS LIÇÕES PUBLICADAS E NAS GUIAS ACIMA DESTES OS TEXTOS ETC. VALE APENA CONFERIR. Para copiar basta selecionar, copiar e colar no seu word.

PESSOAS esta não é uma dica

observação de quem anda por ai:

Pessoas quero deixar aqui para você, que esta nos acompanhando -, uma nova lição que é ler "leia" sempre não importando o nível do livro em english ou grau de instrução, o que você tem que encontrar a sua frente e identificar são: primeiro - ler importa principalmente em interpletar o texto e o contexto e, entender é identificar o conteúdo é também, compreender o movimento e a ação do texto e das palavras; embora, em forma de ação e movimento temos que reconhecer cada elemento e adotar um dicionário principalmente enquanto lemos, que é um amigo daquele que não tem tempo ou considera que não tem memória de elefante. Pessoas, ainda lembrando que,
o conteúdo é importante dentro do contexto por que voce necessita identificar a palavra chave e observar na lei do movimento bem como da ação, para quem faz algo ou deseja fazê-lo identificando o objeto realizado ou a realizar dentro do texto para o contexto ou vise versa (não se esqueça que os adjetivos, substantivos e verbos formam este estudo para analisar e entender a direção desejada no texto e contexto) .
+++ por exemplo - um livro de english infantil tem conteúdo, mas, principalmente contexto (passos que talvez não imaginamos fazer parte da gramática, mas que identificada a informação é) -, esta matéria vale para aqueles que pensam que o primeiro grau não valeu - pense melhor porque no segundo grau ainda é matéria de português - valeu!
++++ pessoas leiam livros de english TAMBÉM infantil por que alí voce encontrará dicas de pequenos movimentos e de ações que não recordamos dos passos e vamos correndo o mundo buscando mais, e não fiquem somente with child's books adote outro nível.

OBS.: PESSOAL PARA AQUELES QUE NÃO SABEM AINDA SOU ESTUDANTE DE ENGLISH (Nível Avançado) - nem por isto terei que saber tudo -, obrigada

LESSON SIXTY EIGHT


CAUSATIVE USE OF HAVE

►Para indicar uma ação realizada para alguém a nosso pedido ou em nosso favor, usamos uma forma apropriada do verbo to HAVE ou to GET e o particípio passado do verbo principal.

Ex.: I often have my car washed.

I often get my car washed.

He had this house painted.

He got his house painted.

We will have our hair cult tomorrow.

We will get our hair cut tomorrow.

Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que é preposição - uma palavra que estabelece relação entre palavras na mesma oração

Pessoas você necessita fazer exercícios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu próprio entendimento, por exemplo:

ELEMENTARY

Check A if the subject performed the action and B when someone else did it.

1 – She cleans her room every day. ( )

2 – I took a picture yesterday. ( )

3 – Judy was making her dress. ( )

INTERMEDIATE

Transform the sentences using causative have.

1 – They are washing their car now.

______________________________________________

2 – I have brushed my hair.

______________________________________________

3 – I’ll publish my poems some day.

______________________________________________

ADVANCED

Write sentences.

Example: Cindy/ mail / the letters / tomorrow.

Cindy will have the letters mailed tomorrow.

1 – I? just press? My clothes

_____________________________________________

2 – Bob? pull? two teeth? Next week

_____________________________________________

3 – Doris ? do? The dishes ? every day

____________________________________________

LESSON SIXTY NINE


IT TAKES

►Usa-se it takes pra expressar o período de tempo que se leva para realizar uma ação.

Ex.: It takes me 20 minutes to GO from home to school. It will take us 30 minutes to clean our room.

Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que é preposição - uma palavra que estabelece relação entre

Pessoas você necessita fazer exercícios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu próprio entendimento, por exemplo:

ELEMENTARY

Rewrite the sentences using it takes, it took or it will take.

Example: He goes to school in 10 minutes.

It takes him 10 minutes to go to school.

1 – I recovered from my cold in a week.

_______________________________________

2 – She went to work in 45 minutes.

_______________________________________

3 – You’ll reach him in 20 minutes.

_______________________________________

INTERMEDIATE

Answer these questions.

1 – How long does it take her to write a report? (30 minutes)

______________________________________________

2 – How long does it take you to clean the house? (one day)

______________________________________________

3 – How long will it take you to go to Rome? (7 hours)

______________________________________________

LESSON SEVENTY


GERUND

►O gerúndio é uma forma verbal caracterizada pela terminação –ing e funciona como substantivo.
	Ex.:  Swimming is good to our body

►O gerúndio também é usado:
a)	Após preposições.
Ex.: She is tired of working.
b)	Após os verbos come e go (quando indicarem atividade física).
Ex.: Let’s GO shopping.
c)	Após os verbos: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, continue, delay, detest, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, suggest, stop, try e understand.
Ex.: He admitted  being wrong.

►	Assim como o gerúndio, o particípio presente também é caracterizado pela
terminação –ing. O particípio presente é usado para  formar tempos contínuos.
	Ex.: He is playing the guitar now.


Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que é preposição - uma palavra que estabelece relação entre


Pessoas você necessita fazer exercícios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu próprio entendimento, por exemplo:


ELEMENTARY

I – Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.
      
1 – The man admitted……………………(steal) the jewelry.
2 – She is very fond of ………………….(swim).
3 – They would appreciate………………(hear) from you.

LESSON SEVENTY ONE


INFINITIVE

► O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo  e pode aparecer com ou sem a partícula to.
	
►Usa-se o infinitivo sem to:
a)	Após os verbos anômalos, os verbos auxiliares do e Will e os verbos make e let.
Ex.: I can swim.
       Do you like coffee?
       Let me go.		  	
b)	Após as conjunções but e except.
Ex.: I will do nothing but cry.

►Usa-se o infinitivo com to:
a)	Após os verbos tell, invite, teach, remind, wish, desire, want.
	Ex.: I want to go home.
                  He told me to stop.
b)	Após as palavras too, enough, the first, the second, the last, the only.
Ex.: We are too young to die.
         I  was the first one to arrive. 
c)	Após adjetivos.
Ex.: This exercise is fifficult to do.


►►Atenção! O verbo help aceita infinitivo com ou sem to.
   Ex.: They helped us do our homework.
           They helped us to do our homework.

Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que é preposição - uma palavra que estabelece relação entre


Pessoas você necessita fazer exercícios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu próprio entendimento, por exemplo:


INTERMEDIATE

I – Supply the infinitive with or without to.
      
1 – Let’s……………………(dance), shall we?
2 – It’s hard ………………….(study) all day.
3 – I’ll do anything for you but………………(wash) your car.
Salvar
II – Supply the infinitive with or without to.

1 – It is wrong…………………(treat) animals cruelly.
2 – Please, let me ……………..(study) here.
3 – I made him………….(answer) the letter.

LESSON SEVENTY TWO



INFINITEVE AND GERUND


► Os verbos feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de infinitivo sem to.
           Ex.: They watched tehe birds flying.
                  They watched the bids fly.
	
►Verbos que podem seguindos de gerúndio ou de infinivo com to:

advise	forget	permit
allow	hate	prefer
attempt	intend	remember
begin	like	start
continue	love	stop
dislike	neglect	try
Ex.: I hate getting up early.
I hate to get up early.



►Os verbos advise, permit e allow, acompanhados de objeto direto, são seguidos do infinitivo com to. Não havendo objeto direto, esses verbos são seguidos apenas  de gerúndio.
Ex.: He allowed us to smoke.
        He allowed us smoking.
►Observe o verbo stop:
     They stopped to talk. (Eles pararam para converser.)
      They stopped talking. (Eles pararam de conversar.) 



Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que é preposição - uma palavra que estabelece relação entre 

Pessoas você necessita fazer exercícios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu próprio entendimento, por exemplo:

INTERMEDIATE

Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.

1 – I  heard you………………….(sing.)

2 – We observed the bird…………………(make) is nest.
3 -  They started……………….(look) for the criminal.

ADVANCED

Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.

1 – They had a bath before……………………….(go) to school.
2 – It’s hard…………………..(study) all day.
3 – We heard the baby……………….(cry).

LESSON SEVENTY THREE



WOULD RATHER / HAD BETTER

► Would rather (‘d rather) expressa preferência.
   Ex.: I’m tired. I would rather take a taxi than walk home.
	
►Had better (‘d better) expressa  conselho.
   Ex.: You look  sick. You had better see a doctor.



Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que é preposição - uma palavra que estabelece relação entre


Pessoas você necessita fazer exercícios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu próprio entendimento, por exemplo:


ELEMENTARY

Supply would rather or had better.

1 – I ………………….eat in a restaurant than at home.
2 – He…………………rest a while. He’s been working for five hours.
3 -  You……………….go to the dentist immediately.

INTERMEDIATE

I – Transform these sentences in order to introduce would rather or had better.
    
1 – It will be better if you take an umbrella.
____________________________________
2 – She prefers to go by car. She doesn’t like to walk.
____________________________________
3 – It will be better if I go home now. It’s very late.
____________________________________

II – Supply the correct tag ending.

1 – You’d rather spend the winter in the mountains,……………..?
2 – The doctor’d rather examine him in this office,………………?
3 – She’d better see him after lunch,……………………..?